New instruments;
Modified traditional instruments;
New ways of playing traditional instruments;
New ways of composing;
Decomposing;
New ways of writing musical scores;
Improvisation;
New ways of listening.

Starting with the initial calls for the expansion of the musical sound spectrum, new tools and new ways of expression by the likes of Ferruccio Busoni, the Futurists, Edgard Varese and John Cage from before 1940, many dedicated individuals and groups have been busy at universities, radio stations, in their own studios and on stages the world over to explore and develop new instruments, tools and practices to fulfil these initial wishes. The new techniques might not all be accepted as equal to standard musical practices and some of them might actually not have added anything “new” yet, but a steady increase in their usage and further development will be inevitable.